When a fire-resistance rated wall has penetrations, what is required?

They must be filled with concrete.

A penetration with approved fire-resistance-rated assemblies and proper sealing.

Open holes are allowed with certain restrictions.

Protecting the fire-resistance rating requires treating every penetration as part of the barrier, not as a skip in the wall. When a fire-rated wall has openings for pipes, cables, or ducts, those openings must be filled or enclosed with an approved fire-resistance-rated assembly that has been tested for the specific wall and penetrant. This typically means using a listed firestop system around the penetrant, with the appropriate sealing materials and any necessary sleeves or collars, so the wall’s ability to resist heat and flame remains intact. Simply leaving a hole, relying only on a smoke seal, or filling the space with concrete does not preserve the wall’s rating and is not acceptable. The correct approach is to install and seal an approved fire-stop assembly around each penetrant to maintain the wall’s fire resistance.

They require only a smoke seal.

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